【作者简介】方长春，南京大学社会学院社会学系

【文章来源】《社会学评论》2025年第3期

【内容提要】基于劳动力市场视角理解社会差异的形成一直是工业社会的社会分层研究传统，当代中国社会分层研究亦遵循此路径，重点关注社会主义制度安排、市场转型和制度变革如何通过劳动力市场这一机会结构影响社会分层。随着中国社会的快速发展，机会结构呈现多样性，单一的劳动力市场视角难以充分解释社会分层的复杂性。本文以住房不平等的形成为例，揭示了劳动力市场视角的局限性，发现劳动力市场之外的结构性因素对住房不平等的影响超过了劳动力市场这一结构情境的影响。本文认为，当代中国社会分层研究应超越单一的劳动力市场视角，采取多重结构的分析取向，尤其需要关注房地产市场、金融政策、信息技术等劳动力市场之外的结构性因素对利益分化过程的影响，从而更准确地把握中国社会分层的实际情况，并推动社会分层研究的理论发展。

【关键词】中国社会分层 / 劳动力市场 / 制度变革 / 住房不平等

【全文链接】/ruc/mu_src/CN/Y2025/V13/I3/5

From Single Structure to Multiple Structure:The Perspective and Its Turn of Social Stratification Study in Contemporary China

Abstract: Understanding the formation of social inequality from the perspective of the labor market has long been a tradition in social stratification research in industrial societies, and contemporary Chinese social stratification research also follows this path, focusing on how socialist institutional arrangements, market transitions, and institutional changes influence social stratification through the opportunity structure of the labor market. However, with the rapid development of Chinese society, the diversification of opportunity structures has made the singular perspective of the labor market is insufficient to fully explain the complexity of social stratification in China. Taking the formation of housing inequality as an example, this paper reveals the limitations of the labor market perspective. Research shows that the impact of structural factors beyond the labor market on housing inequality even exceeds the impact of the labor market as a structural context. This paper argues that contemporary Chinese social stratification research should transcend the singular perspective of the labor market and adopt a multiple structural analytical approach, particularly focusing on the impact of structural factors outside the labor market, such as the real estate market, financial policies, and information technology, on the process of social inequality, so as to more accurately grasp the reality of social stratification in China and promote the theoretical development of social stratification research.